In india, music Ragas may consist of up to seven pitches or simply sounds. These are in hindi (an Indian language) is called “Swara”.

There are 7 Swara in Sargam and each of these swara has a name:

• Sadj (Sa)
• Risabha(Ri)
• Gandhar (Ga)
• Madhyam (Ma)
• Pancham (Pa)
• Dhaivat (Dha)
• Nishad (Ni)

The European or western equivalent version of these swaras is as follows:

• Sa - do
• Ri - re
• Ga - mi
• Ma - fa
• Pa - so
• Dha - la
• Ni - ti

Each Swara is also associated with sound and pictorial images:

Sa - Peacock’s cry

Ri - Cow calling her calf

Ga - Goat’s bleat

Ma - Heron’s cry

Pa - Cuckoo’s song

Dha - Horse’s neigh

Ni - Elephant’s trumpeting